Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease that involves the mucosa of the oral cavity. Pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is the target of controversy. Thus, the objective of this article is to report a case of OLP in a 62-year-old male patient and to discuss the main aspects of disease in relation to etiopathogenesis and treatment. Biopsy findings showed focal degeneration of basal cell layer with lymphocytic band in the dermis, parakeratotic horny pearls, and atrophic epidermis with effaced rete ridges. Accurate diagnosis is necessary so that the correct treatment can be established.
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