Aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles containing bacteria or viruses, suspended for at least a few seconds in a gas. The aerosol generated by an ultrasonic scaler contains microorganisms that can penetrate into the body through the respiratory system of dental surgeons and patients. The oral cavity harbors numerous bacteria and viruses from the respiratory tract, dental plaque, and oral fluids. Any dental procedure that has a potential to aerosolize saliva will cause airborne contamination with organisms.

To evaluate and compare the reduction efficacy in the levels of aerosol production at 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet distance using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in dental waterlines.

This single-center, randomized, two-group parallel design study was conducted over a period of 20 days. Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups: Test group and control group. Both the group samples were subjected to ultrasonic scaling. In the test group, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash was added in the water dispenser bottle, whereas in the control group, distilled water was used. Blood agar plates were kept at distances of 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet away from the headrest of the dental chair. Blood agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, and the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was counted and statistically analyzed.

The results of this study revealed that the experimental group showed higher reduction efficacy for aerosol production at 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet distance from the center of the headrest of the dental chair compared with the control group. The results of this study also revealed that the number of CFUs was statistically significant only at 1 foot distance (p = 0.009) from the center of the headrest of the dental chair and not at 5 feet (p = 0.122) and 10 feet (p = 0.507) distances for both the groups.

This present study shows that the patient's chest area at a distance of 1 foot from the center of the headrest of dental chair receives a greater number of microorganisms than that at distances of 5 feet and 10 feet from the headrest of the dental chair. This validates the use of chlorhexidine in the form of an irrigant in dental waterlines as an additional barrier to cross-contamination, minimizing the risk to team members and the patient.

Kasagani SK, Rao AG, Ahmed K, Fatima G, Tapashetti R. Reduction Efficacy in Aerosol Production using 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Dental Waterlines: A Clinicomicrobiological Study. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):1-5.

The objective of this study is to assess the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and its relationship with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes with and without periodontitis.

A study was performed on 60 out-patients (males and females) reporting to the Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital and the Diabetic Clinic, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. The age of the study subjects ranged from 40 to 60 years. Patients having HbA1c levels > 7 mg/dl were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus and were enrolled in the study. The selected patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, with at least eight remaining teeth present: Group I - Diabetic patients with periodontitis (test) with probing pocket depth (PPD) of 3 to 10 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP), and Group II - Diabetic patients without periodontitis (periodontally healthy as control) with PPD not exceeding 3 mm and limited BOP. Subjects were excluded if they were under systemic antibiotics 3 months prior and during the study and if they have undergone periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study.

When HbA1c increased, the PISA values also increased in type 2 diabetic patients with and without periodontitis.

The cross-sectional clinical study reveals that there is a linear association between diabetes and PISA in type 2 diabetic patients with and without periodontitis.

Devi S, Murugappan S, Swaminathan M, Ilangovan K, Mangalekar SB, Kannaiyan A. Assessment of Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and Its Relationship with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):6-11.

Srivastava A, Govindraju P, Pachipulusu B. Unveiling of Taste Disorders: An Overview. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):12-15.

The aim of this case report was to evaluate the clinical performance of a onepiece implant in a partially edentulous anterior mandible.

Osseointegration being an accepted and well-documented concept, attention is nowdirected toward simplification of the mechanical design of implants and toward achieving biomechanical success.

This case report demonstrates the immediate loading of one piece root form implant in esthetically concern patient. Patient came to the clinic with the chief complain of missing lower front teeth and wanted replacement of the same.

A single stage, one piece implant placement with immediate loading provides a good soft tissue healing and minimal postoperative discomfort to the patient.

One piece root form implants is a reliable treatment protocol in esthetically concerned patients.

Bilichodmath S, Shivanand S, Singh N. Immediate Loading of Onepiece Root Form Implant: A Case Report with 3 Years’ Follow-up. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):16-18.

Sharanappa M, Konuganti K, Kumar A, Rima. Papilla Reconstruction: Reclaiming the Lost! J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):19-22.

The aim of this case report is to present a case of rapidly growing large pregnancy tumor which did not regress even after parturition.

Pyogenic granuloma is a commonly occurring benign inflammatory hyperplasia of the skin and oral mucosa. It usually arises in response to nonspecific infection as sessile or pedunculated, erythematous, exophytic papule or nodule with a smooth or lobulated surface that bleeds easily. Pyogenic granuloma occurring during the pregnancy is called as pregnancy tumor.

In this case report, a rapidly growing pregnancy tumor in a 23-year-old female is described and the clinical features, histopathologic features and management of the lesion are discussed. Pregnancy tumor rarely reaches 2 cm in size, however in our case the lesion had enlarged to an extent that it was interfering with occlusion (3 × 2 cm). Even after parturition the enlargement showed no regression in size, so the lesion was surgically excised.

Lack of awareness among pregnant patients about oral health care during pregnancy results in occurrence of various oral lesions which challenges the dentist and gynecologist in providing proper treatment. Hence creating oral health care awareness among such patients is of utmost importance.

The prenatal oral health check-up and counselling is important in preventing the occurrence of various oral lesions during pregnancy.

Chikkaboraiah S, Puttaswamaiah RN, Galgali SR. Pregnancy Tumor. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):23-27.

This article addresses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histological features, and treatment of two cases of fibroma.

Fibromas are proliferative fibrous lesions of the gingiva and oral mucosa that may cause esthetic and functional problems. Fibrous hyperplasia and fibroepithelial hyperplasia are histological variants of these nonneoplastic lesions.

Case 1 demonstrated an overgrowth in the lower back tooth region. Case 2 was present at the corner of the lip mucosa. Both the growths were pale in color, sessile, painless, and firm in consistency. Lesions caused discomfort during chewing of food. Thus, both the lesions were excised using diode laser in continuous mode and sent for histopathological assessment.

These lesions are a result of trauma/chronic irritation and arise from cells of oral mucous membrane or periosteum.

The cases demonstrate the need for proper diagnosis, role of biopsy, and histologic evaluation in the management of these lesions.

Singh N, Bilichodmath S, Sambhashivaiah S. Traumatic Fibroma: A Case Series. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):28-31.

Reddy PS. Indirect Sinus Lift with Implant Placement in Maxillary Premolar Region. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):32-34.